Blog d'Étienne Pourcher
Blog d'Étienne Pourcher
L’incendie de Notre Dame a marqué les esprit, en particulier par la disparition de la « forêt », charpente de chêne vieille de plusieurs siècles.
Beaucoup a été dit à ce propos
Il est temps de reconstruire ; il faut le faire en bois !
Anne Brugnera, la députée rapporteure du projet de loi de reconstruction de Notre-Dame, a commencé les auditions des professionnels. La loi permet en effet au gouvernement de déroger non seulement aux règles fiscales et administratives, mais aussi aux règles techniques et architecturales protégeant les monuments historiques et prévoit un concours international d'architectes pour reconstruire la flèche, ouvrant la porte à un « geste architectural » plutôt qu'une reconstruction de la flèche de Viollet-Leduc. La charte de Venise de 1964 et la réglementation française imposent une restauration respectant l'apparence (les matériaux pouvant être modernes) et conduite par un architecte en chef des monuments historiques.
Voici pourquoi il faut reconstruire en bois.
D’abord, la combustion de la structure bois a sans doute eu de moindre conséquences sur les murs de pierres que si elle avait été en acier ou en béton ; les pompiers dont il faut souligner le travail exemplaire sur ce feu le savent bien.
Le choix du bois : matériau capteur de CO2 - durant sa croissance il absorbe plus de CO2 qu’il n’en dégage pour sa combustion et peut le conserver pendant des siècles comme la charpente de la cathédrale le montre, il a donc un bilan carbone positif - et renouvelable – par définition l’arbre coupé laisse place à d’autres arbres qui vont à leur tour croître, et la forêt française qui est gérée durablement s’en assure, ceci à la différence des autres ressources fossiles.
Ensuite la forêt française le peut contrairement à ce que certains ont pu dire : le besoin pour reconstruire la charpente de Notre Dame est évalué à 3000 m3 quand on récolte 800 000 m3 de chêne en France chaque année ; de plus les gros bois sont bien présents même si la charpente qui vient de brûler était plutôt un habile assemblage ayant moins eu recours aux gros diamètres, d’où son surnom de « forêt ».
En outre, nous pouvons montrer la capacité humaine actuelle a égaler le magnifique travail des artisans de l’époque. C’est toute une filière française du bois (actuellement déficitaire mais qui regorge de talents) qu’il sera possible de valoriser.
Enfin, c’est l’occasion de montrer la capacité d’innovation de la filière bois aujourd’hui : traitement inifugeant le matériaux, CLT, utilisation d’autres essences que le chêne pour le bois construction, etc.
Par ailleurs, le formidable élan des forestiers montre que plus de chêne que ce qu’il sera nécessaire a été offert : donnons les quantités supplémentaires à la fondation Abbé Pierre pour créer des logement en bois pour les sans logis.
Paris, Notre Dame, forêt, charpente, bois, arbre
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